Alain Jacquet and James Rosenquist: two artists forever labeled as Pop artists but whose work (like that of most good artists) transcends labels. Born in the 1930s and coming onto the art scene in the 1960s, they could not help but be marked by social transformations of the postwar era, what the French later came to call les trente glorieuses: a period of economic expansion and prosperity but also of profound anxiety, the causes of which included the cold war and attendant fears of nuclear disaster.

It was also the time when humans first ventured into space— science fiction fables seemed to be coming true—and this was another effort fueled by military competition between the Soviet Union and the United States; again, mixing optimism and unease. No wonder that evocations of outer space recur in both artists’ work, but curiously enough, starting only after the space program was receding from the headlines—in the 1970s in Jacquet’s case, and in Rosenquist’s, around 1980.

Of course, theirs is in every sense a space of the imagination. The famous anecdote about Rosenquist’s massive painting Star Thief (1980) speaks volumes: The work, which depicts such things as machine parts, a woman’s face, and some strips of bacon amidst a star-spangled cosmos, was supposed to be installed in the Miami Dade County International Airport, but was rejected after Frank Borman, the former astronaut who had become chairman of Eastern Airlines, objected: “Space doesn’t look like that. I’ve been in space and I can assure you there’s no bacon in space.”

Someone should have reminded him that the earth, after all, floats in space, so all the bacon on earth is in space too, the ultimate surround of all that exists. But if there are more things in heaven and earth than the astronaut dreams of, the artist senses and responds to their impingement. Everything that affects us exists simultaneously in the limitless universe and in the equally limitless human mind.

The careers of Jacquet and Rosenquist ran parallel from the 1960s: they first met in Paris in 1964, the same year Jacquet moved to New York, and in the 1980s they became neighbors and close friends. Both artists were masters of collage, taking fragments of the everyday image environment as material to be taken apart and recombined in constructing their responses to contemporary life. But while they shared certain themes and interests, their aesthetic leanings were more divergent than might be obvious at first glance. Perhaps the most crucial difference might be in their attitudes toward the use of new technologies in art.

Among the images to which Jacquet was drawn was the first photograph of the Earth taken from the moon in 1969, which he used as a source repeatedly in the 1970s and 1980s. Just as he had decomposed images into dots that could expand in scale, he realized that the earth seen from space was itself nothing more than another dot made of smaller dots, which can in turn form images within the image. Then, as an early adopter of the computer, he began using it to transform images of the Earth and other planets into comical sausage and donut forms, even using these to create cosmic pastiches of famous artworks from the past, as in Bonjour Monsieur Courbet (Version rouge négatif) (1999). Poor Mr. Borman! If only he’d known that after Rosenquist discovered bacon in space, Jacquet would launch some sausages up there. And in Mars et Venus (2eme version) (1995), Jacquet stages an absurd copulation of forms among the galaxies; he seems to suggest that, even in exploring the vast realm beyond our sky, we never leave behind our quotidian concern with food and sex.

Rosenquist, by contrast, remains more of a romantic. In 1965, he became interested in Eastern religions while at the Aspen Institute. In works such as Super Mega Universes (2012), or Fractals Caught Approaching Zero (2013), the sublimity of the starry sky becomes refracted and multiplied as in a kaleidoscope—the childish toy serving only to increase the sense of wonder. Rosenquist once remarked that “their parallel existences on earth and in space” might threaten to make astronauts go mad, but like Jacquet, he knew we all share that parallel existence, and looked to art for sanity.